新建项目

一个完整的 Python Project 应该包括

project/
    src/        --- source code
    tests/      --- test code
      __init__.py
      conftest.py
      test_xxx.py
    setup.py    --- organize files into a package
    setup.cfg
    MANIFEST.in
    requirements.txt
    README.md
    pyproject.toml

其中，setup.py 用来构建包，譬如：

from setuptools import find_packages, setup

setup(
    name='flaskr',
    version='1.0.0',
    packages=find_packages(),
    include_package_data=True,
    zip_safe=False,
    install_requires=[
        'flask',
    ],
)

并可以用 MANIFEST.in 补充添加二进制文件。此外， tests 为测试文件夹，测试时 coverage run -m pytest, coverage report. 可用 setup.cfg 配置

[tool:pytest]
testpaths = tests

[coverage:run]
branch = True
source =
    src

用 pipreqs 生成 requirements.txt:

pipreqs src

选择 flake8 作为 linter, black 作为 formatter，配置 pyproject.toml

[tool.black]
line-length = 99
target-version = ['py38']

[tool.isort]
profile = 'black'
src_paths = ['src']
line_length = 99
lines_after_imports = 2
# force_single_line = 'True'
force_sort_within_sections = 'True'
order_by_type = 'False'

Thread

Python 可支持多线程和多进程

• multi-thread: 由于 CPython 的 GIL 存在，所以近乎并发
  • Thread(target=func)
  • class my_thread(Thread)
• multi-procses

进程间通信

• Event
• Condition
• Queue

信息隔离：Local 定义在主线程中，主线程与子线程，子线程与子线程中 local 均为不同变量

协程：使用 yield, async 实现

Miscellaneous

• iter(partial(func, ""), "")

• for x,y in product(X,Y)

• inspect 库

• python -m site 检查 python 路径

• timeit.timeit(func, number=5)

• @functools.lru_cache

• @atexit

• 回调

  with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
    stack.callback(cb)
  

• run a command: result = subprocess.run(cmd_list, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout.decode('utf-8')

• 正则表达式 re.findall(r"\d+", s)[0]

• sched 包

def func(sc, arg):
    # do something

    sc.enter(interval, 1, func, (sc, arg))

s = sched.schedular(time.time, time.sleep)
s.enter(interval, 1, func, (s, arg))
s.run()

MVC

• M(Model): CRUD
• V(View, output): html, xml, json
• C(Control, input): 转换格式，验证输入